Approximate estimate of the annual water consumption for a 32 m2 pool:

Applying the data provided in the default form to an outdoor 32 m2 pool occupied on average 4 hours per day by 2 bathers leads to:
For a region with little wind , V between 0 and 4 m / s (14.4 km / h), the evaporative loss is
obtained from 87.4 liters / day to 490.7 liters / day, i.e. an average annual consumption on the basis of 150 days
of use(cover by a tarpaulin the rest of the year) equal to 150 * (490.7 + 87.4) /2*0.001=43.3 m3.
The filling of the swimming pool represents 50 m3. We obtain a consumption for the filling and losses by evaporation of 93.3 m3 which leads to a cost of approximately
280 euros per year (based on 3 euros per m3 of water) .
For a strongly windy region , V between 0 and 8.7 m / s (31.3 km / h), we obtain a consumption for losses between 87.4 liters / day and
913 liters / day, i.e. following the same calculation than previously 76.5 m3 / year. The cost this time if we take into account the filling of about 380 euros.
The above values are probably overestimated because natural infill due to rain has not been taken into account; or even a simple gesture to further reduce consumption,
which is to use a tarpaulin at night.

Drop in water temperature due to evaporation over 24 hours:

The evaporation phenomenon causes the water to cool.If we take the previous example, formula 1 gives a thermal power linked to evaporation of 5.42 kW, wich corresponds to an energy loss equal to 24 hours at
Q = 5.42 * 1000 * 24 * 3600 = 4.68E8 joules (i.e. 130 kWh) .Then we obtain the cooling over a day equal to Dt = -Q / (M * Cp)
or M = mass of water = ro * V = 1000 * 50 = 50,000 kg, Cp = specific heat of water = 4180 J / kg.K This gives a drop in temperature Dt = -4.68E8 / (50,000 * 4180) = - 2.24 ° C.
The drop in water temperature per day is about 2.24 ° C due to evaporation in this case. Here again the wind speed will strongly influence this drop in temperature since the thermal
losses go from 5.42 kW to 16.42 kW when the wind speed goes from 2 to 8 m / s (28.8 km / h).

If you want to keep the water temperature constant, you can use A HEAT PUMP TO COMPENSATE FOR THE LOSSES. by evaporation With heat pump of efficiency eta = 4.5
the energy to besupplied for heating for 4 hours per day in the previous example is equal to Q / eta = 5.42 * 4 / 4.5 = 4.8 kWh If the energy source is electricity this represents
a cost = 4.8 *. 14 = 0.67 euro / day or about 101 euros for 150 days of use to compensate for losses by evaporation . To this are added essentially the losses (or gains) by
convection and radiation and in general the losses for the renewal of water. In the previous example where the air temperature is higher than the water temperature, we can evaluate
the gains by convection at 22.8 kWh and by radiation at 11.4 kWh per day. water is estimated -5.2 kWh. The balance is equal to: -130 + 22.
The average cost of heating by heat pump according to Distripool is 141 euros for a 32 m2 swimming pool in a temperate zone for heating from May to September if one benefits from
the peak hours / off-peak hours system.

Simulation of a swimming pool cover

The presence of a cover at night makes it possible to reduce evaporation. We can try to simulate the effect by taking a wind speed almost zero (0.1 m / s) and a humidity of 100 % the night.
In the example given in the form, the evaporation goes from 10.1 liters / hour to 6.1 liters / hour on average, ie a reduction of approximately 39.5%.
Water consumption drops from around 243 liters / day to 147 liters / day, i.e. a reduction of nearly 40% of the make-up water.
Evaporation has the effect of reducing the temperature of the water as well and therefore it will take more energy to maintain the temperature of the water.
In addition to saving energy and water consumption, swimming pool covers also have the following functions:
-reducing the consumption of pool chemicals from 35% to 60%. In fact, the evaporation of the products used is also reduced. for the treatment of the swimming pool.
-reduce cleaning time by keeping dirt and other debris out of the pool.
-allow to secure the basin according to the model.
Outdoor pools take advantage of the sun's heat and absorb 5% to 85% of solar energy. If you use the blanket, partly during the day, it will have the effect of reducing this contribution to heating
depending on the type of blanket you use.
When choosing a transparent bubble cover may be preferable to an opaque cover.

Evaporation in the presence of bathers:

Notes:

The main factors that affect evaporation are surface area, air and water temperatures, presence or absence of wind, air humidity. the air is dry, for example, the greater the evaporation.
Other factors, which have not been taken into account here such as the level of the water in relation to the edge of the swimming pool, the presence or not of a wind breaker, the presence
or not of a cover, also play a role.

- Formula 1 seems to give better results in calm air (wind speed equal to 0) up to a light breeze (V less than 2 m / s or 7.6 km / h).Above V=2 m / s formula 2 seems more precise.
- Formula 2 is given for a residential pool free of occupant.
-To reduce your water consumption, a few precautions must be taken:

1) The wind greatly accelerates evaporation. It is therefore wise to protect the swimming pool from drafts by planting a hedge around it (or perpendicular to the prevailing winds). We can thus expect
a reduction of 30% to 50% of the wind speed depending on the density of the WINDBREAK .

To reduce evaporation, the windbreak must be high enough and close enough to the pool so as not to create turbulence on the pool. Turbulence has the effect of increasing evaporation, which is contrary
to the desired effect.
However, you also do not want the windbreak to be too close and / or too high and protect the pool from the sun's rays which contribute to heating.
A balance must be found between these two phenomena (turbulence and shadow) to have the right distance and the adequate height.

2) For an outdoor pool a night cover to reduce evaporation is also very useful especially if the water temperature is higher
than the air temperature which increases the evaporation.For the same for an indoor pool it is advisable to limit this phenomenon,
to keep the ambient air temperature 2 to 3 degrees above the water temperature.

3) If the water level is lower than the upper edge of the pool, a weakening of the convection and thus a reduction of the
evaporation can be expected. Do not fill to the brim!

4) The use of a blanket at night reduces the drop in temperature due to heat transfers to the outside but also reduces the
evaporation of water. heating), water savings.